A Mathematical Model Supporting a Hyperpredation Effect in the Apparent Competition Between Invasive Eastern Cottontail and Native European Hare

Area of Science:

• Ecology
• Mathematical Biology
• Invasive Species Research

Background:

• Invasive species can disrupt native ecosystems.
• Predator-prey dynamics are crucial in ecological stability.
• The European hare faces threats from introduced species and predation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a mathematical model validating field study results.
• To investigate the impact of invasive Eastern cottontails on native European hares.
• To explore the mechanisms of increased fox predation on hares.

Main Methods:

• Constructing a mathematical model of a three-species system (native prey, invasive prey, native predator).
• Analyzing predator-prey interactions and population dynamics.
• Simulating the effects of invasive species introduction on native populations.

Main Results:

• The model demonstrates a negative effect of invasive Eastern cottontails on European hares.
• Increased fox predation, potentially through hyperpredation, is identified as the key mechanism.
• Model results align with field observations of hare population decline.

Conclusions:

• Invasive Eastern cottontails pose a significant threat to native European hare populations.
• Hyperpredation by an increasing fox population is a likely driver of this impact.
• Mathematical modeling provides a robust framework for understanding invasive species ecology.