Conventional and Nanotechnology-Based Sensing Methods for SARS Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) | JoVE Visualize

Conventional and Nanotechnology-Based Sensing Methods for SARS Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

Nagaraj P Shetti¹, Amit Mishra², Shikandar D Bukkitgar¹

¹Center for Electrochemical Science and Materials, Department of Chemistry, K.L.E. Institute of Technology, Hubballi 580 027, Karnataka, India.

ACS Applied Bio Materials|June 30, 2021

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

Current COVID-19 testing focuses on rapid detection methods. This review covers conventional and advanced diagnostic techniques, including nanotechnology-based sensors, for identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Area of Science:

Virology
Diagnostic Technologies
Public Health

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread global health and economic disruption.
Vaccine development is ongoing, but widespread testing, isolation, and social distancing remain critical control measures.
Accurate and rapid diagnostic methods are essential for managing the pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

To review conventional and novel testing methods for diagnosing 2019-nCoV (SARS-CoV-2).
To discuss the various targets and technologies employed in COVID-19 diagnostics.
To highlight emerging nanotechnology-based sensors for virus detection.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on COVID-19 diagnostic techniques.
Categorization of tests based on detection targets (RNA, proteins, antibodies).
Discussion of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), antibody assays, and neutralization assays.
Exploration of nanotechnology-based sensor development for diagnostics.

Main Results:

Multiple testing strategies exist, targeting viral RNA, spike proteins, and host antibodies (IgG, IgM).
Established methods include RNA-targeted PCR and antibody detection assays.
Emerging technologies like nanotechnology-based sensors offer potential for rapid and sensitive detection.

Conclusions:

A range of diagnostic tools, from conventional PCR to advanced sensors, are crucial for COVID-19 management.
Continued innovation in testing technologies is vital for effective pandemic response.
Nanotechnology presents a promising avenue for future rapid and efficient SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics.