Portable/wearable artificial kidney (WAK) - initial evaluation | JoVE Visualize

Portable/wearable artificial kidney (WAK) - initial evaluation

R L Stephens, S C Jacobsen, E Atkin-thor

Proceedings of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association. European Dialysis and Transplant Association|January 1, 1976

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This study introduces a wearable hemodialysis system for improved patient mobility. The portable device provides adequate waste removal, allowing patients a less restricted lifestyle.

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Biomedical Engineering
Medical Devices

Background:

Hemodialysis is a life-sustaining treatment for kidney failure.
Current hemodialysis requires significant time and infrastructure, limiting patient mobility.
A portable and wearable hemodialysis system could offer greater patient independence.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a novel wearable hemodialysis (WAK) system.
To assess the biochemical adequacy and patient experience with the WAK system.
To determine the operational parameters and waste removal efficiency of the portable device.

Main Methods:

A wearable module (3.5 kg) with integrated pump, batteries, and dialyzer was developed.
A 20 L dialysate bath served as a carrying case and system component (total weight 17 kg).
Patients underwent daily or intermittent hemodialysis, connected to the dialysate bath for 90 minutes for adequate solute removal.

Main Results:

The WAK system demonstrated effective removal of urea (14-20 G/day), creatinine (1500-2000 mg/day), uric acid (500-900 mg/day), and K+ (30-55 mEq/day).
Ultrafiltration rates reached 700 ml/hour, with stable serum chemistries observed.
One patient completed 35 consecutive days of treatment, with others receiving intermittent therapy.

Conclusions:

Wearable hemodialysis (WAK) is biochemically adequate for waste removal.
The WAK system significantly enhances patient lifestyle by allowing greater freedom and mobility.
This technology represents a promising advancement in home-based renal replacement therapy.